Impact of Online Learning of Economics in Lebanon on Acquiring Essential Skills in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47747/ijbme.v3i1.608Keywords:
E-learning, 21st-Century Skills, Covid-19Abstract
The sudden and recent outbreak of the Covid-19 had its impact on the way of life around the entire world; it challenged the education systems around the globe and forced schools and universities to switch to online education overnight. Several schools and universities that were formerly hesitant to change their traditional pedagogical approach had no choice but to entirely switch to online education. This study examines the impact of online learning of Economics on acquiring essential skills in light of the Coronavirus outbreak. The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach and constructed a five-point Likert style questionnaire as a study tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample chosen from the population of Economics teachers in Lebanese schools. The sample consisted of 153 teachers all of which responded and their responses were valid for testing and analysis. The study reached some important findings mainly that through online learning of Economics, learners are not acquiring all of the 21st-Century skills, and the researchers had some recommendations as a result.
Downloads
References
Abourjeili, S.A. & Harb, S. (2020). The Deteriorated Educational Reality in Lebanon: Towards “Another” Critical Approach. Available for download from the Arab Reform Initiative official page: https://www.arab-reform.net/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-deteriorated-educational-reality-in-lebanon-towards-another-critical-approach_14565.pdf?ver=382b46f8997159afd3d1aee43a668c83
Alshamrani, M. (2019). An Investigation of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education. A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of a Master of Computer and Information Sciences. Available online at: http://hdl.handle.net/10292/12479
Arley-Fonseca, M. & Brizuela-Gutiérrez, T., (2020). Enhancing the Language Learning Process of Students in the Costa Rican Educational System by Considering the Use of Authentic Materials in the EFL Classroom. Revista Espiga, Vol. 20, no. 40, pp. 121-137. Available online at: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4678/467863794006/html/
Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), (2015). Framework for Information Literacy. Available for download at: http://www.ala.org/acrl/files/issues/infolit/framework.pdf
Axmedova T.B, & Kenjayeva N.D. (2021). Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning. Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, 48–50. Retrieved from: https://geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejhss/article/view/240
Barak, M. & Levenberg, A. (2016). Flexible Thinking in Learning: An Individual Differences Measure for Learning in Technology-enhanced Environments. Computers and Education, Vol. 99, pp: 39-52. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.04.003
Bialik, M. & Fadel C., (2015). Skills for the 21st-Century: What Should Students Learn? Center for Curriculum Redesign (CCR). Available online at: https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/CCR-Skills_FINAL_June2015.pdf
Bossér, U., Lindahl, M., (2019). Students’ Positioning in the Classroom: a Study of Teacher-Student Interactions in a Socioscientific Issue Context. Research in Science Education, 49, 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-017-9627-1
Chitra, A.P. and Raj, M. A. (2018). E-learning, Journal of Applied and Advanced Research. Vol. 3, Suppl. 1, pp: S11-S13. Retrieved on Feb. 12th, 2021 from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3iS1.158
Department of Education and Training, Melbourne, (2020). High Impact Teaching Strategies – Excellence in teaching and learning. Available at the official webpage of the State of Victoria: https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/high-impact-teaching-strategies.pdf
Dublin, L. (2003). If You Only Look under the Street Lamps…Or Nine e-Learning Myths. The e-Learning Developers’ Journal. Retrieved on Feb.22nd, 2021 from: https://www.learningguild.com/pdf/2/061603man.pdf
Edwards, C., & Fritz, J. H. (1997). Evaluation of three educational online delivery approaches. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 430-516). Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED430516
Ferriman. J. (2014). 10 Benefits of Using E-learning. LearnDash. Retrieved on Feb. 13th, 2021 from: https://www.learndash.com/10-benefits-of-using-elearning/
Firmansyah, R. & Putri, D.M. & Wicaksono, M.G. & Putri, S.F. & Widianto, A.A. (2021). The Univerity Students’ Perspectives on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning Due to COVID-19. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Vol 183, pp: 120-124.
Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT), (2009). A teacher’s guide to distance learning. Available online at: https://fcit.usf.edu/distance/
Fry, K. (2001). E-learning markets and providers: some issues and prospects. Education Training, Vol. 43 No. 4/5, pp. 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005484
Griffin, P. & Care, E. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st-Century Skills-Methods and Approach. Springer, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Gvaramadze, I. (2012). Developing Generic Competences in Online Virtual Education Programs at the University of Deusto. Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp: 4-20. Available online at https://doi.org/10.1108/10650741211192028
Halverson, L.R., Graham, C.R., Spring, K.J., & Drysdale, J.S. (2012). An Analysis of High Impact Scholarship and Publication Trends in Blended Learning. Distance Education, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp: 381-413. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2012.723166
Hetsevich. I. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning Technologies for Students. Joomlms. https://www.joomlms.com/blog/guest-posts/elearning-advantages-disadvantages.html
Holmes, B. & Gardner, J. (2006). E-Learning: Concepts and Practice, London: SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446212585
Indeed Editorial Team (2020). Indeed Career Guide, Social Skills: Definition and Examples. Available online at: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/social-skills
International Telecommunication Union, “The State of Broadband,” September 2015. Available online at: https://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/reports/bb-annualreport2015.pdf
Islam, N., Beer, M., & Slack, F. (2015). E-learning Challenges Faced by Academics in Higher Education, Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp: 102-112. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i5.947
Jethro, O.O., Grace, A.M., & Thomas, A.K. (2012). E-learning and Its Effects on Teaching and Learning in a Global Age. International Journal of Academic Research in business and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp: 203-210. Available at: https://ijeim.iseeadyar.org/articles/e-learning-and-its-effects-on-teaching-and-learning-in-a-global-age
Kivunja, C., (2104) Do You Want Your Students to Be Job-Ready with 21st-Century Skills? Change Pedagogies: A Pedagogical Paradigm Shift from Vygotskyian Social Constructivism to Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Siemens' Digital Connectivism. International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp: 81-91. Available online at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1067554
Koumi, J (2006). Designing Educational Video and Multimedia for Open and Flexible (Distance) Learning. Routledge, England. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203966280
Lai, E.R. (2011). Collaboration: A Literature Review. Pearson Publications.
Lebanon Education Sector (October 2021). Lebanon: Education at a Tipping Point (Education Sector Advocacy Brief). Available at: https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/education-at-a-tipping-point/education-at-a-tipping-point--lebanon-october-2021.pdf
Mouchantaf, M. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges Faced and Lessons Learned regarding Distance Learning in Lebanese Higher Education Institutions. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 10, No. 10, pp: 1259-1266. DOI: 10.17507/tpls.1010.11
Oblinger, D. G., & Hawkins, B. L. (2005). The Myth about E-learning. Educause review. Available at: https://er.educause.edu/articles/2005/1/the-myth-about-elearning. Accessed Jan. 12th, 2021.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2005). E-learning in tertiary education. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/35991871.pdf
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2020a). Coronavirus: The World Economy at risk. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/berlin/publikationen/Interim-Economic-Assessment-2-March-2020.pdf
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2020b). The Impact of Covid-19 on Education: Insights from Education at a Glance 2020. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2020c). Learning compass 2030. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/teaching-and-learning/learning/learning-compass-2030/OECD_Learning_Compass_2030_concept_note.pdf
Potter, W. J. (2004). Theory of media literacy: A cognitive approach. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483328881
Ravaglia, R., Suppes, P, Stillinger, C, Alper, T.M. (1995). Computer-Based Mathematics and Physics for Gifted Students. Gifted Child Quarterly, Vol. 39, Iss. 1, pp: 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001698629503900102
Richard Howe, retrieved online at: https://blogs.brighton.ac.uk/rh593/creativity-in-the-21st-century-classroom/
Rossi, P.G. (2009). Learning Environment with Artificial Intelligence Elements. Journal of E-learning and Knowledge Society, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/306
Rost, J. (1991). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Westport Connecticut: Praeger.
Save the Children International, March, 2021. Lebanon Education Crisis: Raising the Alarm. Available for download at the “Save the Children International” web page: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Lebanon%20Education%20crisis%20spotlight.pdf
School Education Gateway, Europe’s online platform for school education (June 8th, 2020). Survey on Online and Distance Learning – Results. Available at the website of the European Union: https://www.schooleducationgateway.eu/en/pub/viewpoints/surveys/survey-on-online-teaching.htm
Sherry, L., (1995) Issues in Distance Learning, International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp: 337-365. Retrieved on Feb. 15th, 2021 from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Issues-in-Distance-Learning-Sherry/914c13953b88950ac709ba84c4750adece7ba778
Siegle, D. (2004). The Merging of Literacy and Technology in the 21st-Century: A Bonus for Gifted Education. Technology, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp: 32-35. Retrieved May 8, 2021, from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ682660.pdf
The Foundation for Critical Thinking: https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766
UNESCO, (2002). Open and Distance Learning: Trends, Policy and Strategy Considerations. Retrieved on Feb. 14th, 2021 from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000128463
UNESCO, (2020). Distance Learning Strategies in Response to COVID-19 School Closures. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373305
UNICEF (June 2021) Lebanon: Children’s Future on the Line. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Lebanon_childrens_future_on_the_line_EN.pdf.pdf
United States Distance Education Association (USDLA), (July 2019). Definition of Distance Learning, Available online at: https://usdla.org/?s=Definition+of+Distance+Learning
World Health Organization (WHO, Jan. 2021). Listings of WHO’s Response to Covid-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline
Wyse, D. & Manyukhina, Y. (2018). The Place of Knowledge in Curricula: A Research-informed Analysis. UCL Institute of Education. Also available online: https://ncca.ie/media/3502/seminar_two_wyse_paper.pdf
Yanarates, E., (2020). A Conceptual Analysis on Media Literacy. Social Scientific Centered Issues, 2(2), 89-102. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ssci/issue/57035/846190
Yuhanna, I., Alexandar, A. & Kachik, A. (2020). Advantages and disadvantages of Online Learning. Journal Educational Verkenning, 1(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.48173/jev.v1i2.54
Yulia, H. (2020). Online Learning to Prevent the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus in Indonesia. ETERNAL. English Teaching Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v11i1.6068
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Hasan El-Mousawi, Mohamad Zaraket, Claude Bou-Assi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyrights
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
![http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://journal.jis-institute.org/index.php/ijbmer/management/settings/<a rel="license" href="http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https:/i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.){kind=link}
![http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://journal.jis-institute.org/index.php/ijbmer/management/settings/<a%20rel="license" href="http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https:/i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.){kind=link}