Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Credit Risk, Operational Efficiency, and Capital Adequacy on Financial Sustainability in Conventional Banks and Sharia Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47747/icbem.v3i1.3316Keywords:
Financial Sustainability, Credit Risk, Operational Efficiency, Capital Adequacy, Indonesia, MalaysiaAbstract
Banking plays a strategic role in maintaining financial system stability, making financial sustainability an important aspect that needs to be analyzed in both conventional and sharia banks. This study aims to analyze the influence of credit risk, operational efficiency, and capital adequacy on financial sustainability, which is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), and to compare it between banks in Indonesia and Malaysia as well as between conventional banks and sharia banks during the period 2021-2024. This study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative study design and utilizes secondary data. The research data sources are official publications from the Financial Services Authority, Bank Negara Malaysia, and the annual reports of each bank. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a multiple linear regression approach and dummy variables to test differences between countries and types of banks. Data processing was performed using Stata/MP software version 17. The results show that partially, credit risk proxied by NPL/NPF and capital adequacy proxied by CAR do not have a significant influence on financial sustainability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), while operational efficiency proxied by BOPO has a negative and significant influence on ROA. Simultaneously, the variables NPL/NPF, BOPO, and CAR have a significant influence on ROA, with an R2 value of 85.63% of ROA variation explained by these three variables, and an Adjusted R2 of 84.39%, indicating that the model has strong and stable explanatory power. Meanwhile, comparative analysis shows that the financial sustainability of banks in Indonesia is empirically better than that of banks in Malaysia, as evidenced by the t-count of the country dummy variable of 7.63, which is greater than the t-table of 1.999, and a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 5%, so that the difference is statistically significant. Conversely, there is no significant difference between conventional banks and sharia banks, as indicated by the t-value of the bank type dummy variable of -1.30, which is smaller than the t-table value of 1.999, and a p-value of 0.198, which is greater than 5% for the 2021-2024 period.
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